SONET/SDH – Advanced

Courses: Optical Networks (GPON, SONET/SDH, DWDM)
  • Course:SONET/SDH – Advanced
  • Course ID:SONETADV Duration:4 days Where: Your Office (7+ Persons)
  • Available as a private, customized course for your group at your offices or ours and in some cases as a WebLive(TM) class.

  • Download Course Description (PDF)

Course Outline

Day 1: Overview/Review of Optical Communications Systems

 

  • Basic Physical Theory
    • Brief history of optical communications systems
    • Principles of optics relevant to optical communications systems
    • Key background from physics
  • Layered Communications Architectures
    • Why layered architectures
    • OSI Model
    • TCP/IP Model
    • Functionality of each layer and physical implementations
  • Optical Fiber
    • Types of optical fiber
    • Operation of optical fiber
    • Limitations of optical fiber and optical communications systems
  • Optical Light Sources and Detectors
    • Principles of lasers
    • Solid state lasers
    • Coupling of light into fiber
    • Optical detectors
  • Modulation of Light, Optical Receivers
    • Methods of modulating light
    • Practical limitations
    • Formats used to transmit information using light and optics
  • Noise and Detection
    • Types of noise and distortion which affects optical signals
    • Methods of reducing effects of noise and distortion
    • Optimal detection methods and devices
  • DWDM
    • Basic principles of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
    • Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
    • Architectures used in DWDM
    • Components required for WDM networks
    • International standards for WDM networks
  • Opto-electronic Networks
    • FDDI
    • Fiber channel
    • SONET, SDH
    • Ethernet on optical networks
  • MPLS
    • Switching vs routing
    • Label switching
    • Multiprotocol label switching in optical networks

 

Day 2: SONET/SDH Principles

 

  • SONET Technology and Terminology
    • SONET digital hierarchy
    • Comparison with the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
    • SONET equipment types
    • STS-1 frame format
  • SONET Headers
    • Section Overhead (SOH)
    • Line Overhead (LOH)
    • Path Overhead (POH)
    • Floating payload: SONET pointers
    • Synchronization and accommodating jitter
  • SONET Error Rates, Detection, and Correction
  • Virtual Tributaries (Containers)
    • VT groups
    • Virtual tributaries pointers
    • SONET VT multiframe
    • SONET mapping of asynchronous DS-1, byte-synchronous DS-1, asynchronous DS-3, and asynchronous DS-4
  • STS-N Frame Format
    • STS-N frame structure
    • Concatenated STS-Nc frame format
    • STS-Nc frame structure
  • SDH versus SONET
    • SONET vs SDH frame structure
    • STM-1 frame
    • Overhead bytes and their function
    • SDH layers
    • Mapping in SDH: C4 mapping and C-3 mapping examples
    • Hierarchical multiplexing structure
  • SONET/SDH Networking
    • Network survivability architectures
    • Protection topologies: Linear
    • Protection topologies: Ring
    • Protection topologies: Mesh
    • Topologies: Rings, # fibers, directionality
    • SONET: Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
    • SONET linear APS
    • Add-Drop Multiplexing (ADM)
    • Digital Cross-Connects (DCC)

 

Day 3: SONET/SDH (continued)

 

  • Current Architectures: Ring Protection
    • Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (UPSR)
    • Bidirectional Line Switched Ring (BLSR/2)
    • Bi-directional Line Switched Ring (BLSR/4)
    • Mesh restoration versus ring/linear protection
  • IP over SONET
    • IP+SONET vs. IP+ATM+SONET
    • IP over Optical Networks (IPO)
    • Packets over SONET (POS)
    • Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) – RFC1661
  • SONET/SDH Limitations
  • Next Generation SONET/SDH
    • Virtual Concatenation: VCAT
    • SONET channelization and concatenation
    • Virtual concatenation group
    • Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme: LCAS
    • LCAS architecture
  • Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
    • GFP client signal adaptation
    • GFP frame format
    • Adding GFP on SONET
    • Ethernet over SONET
    • Virtual concatenation for Ethernet
  • Optical Transport Network
    • OTN hierarchical overview
    • Basic transport structure of an OTN
    • OTN transmitter and receiver
    • OTN layer structure
    • OTN interface classes
    • OTN hierarchical overview

 

Day 4: SONET in the Context of Communications Networks; Advanced Topics

 

  • Network Design Principles and Tradeoffs
  • Next Generation Network (NGN)
    • Merging the voice and data worlds
    • Vision of ITU-T NGN
    • Structure of ITU NGN Focus Group (FGNGN)
  • SONET vs Ethernet in Future Networks
    • The layer 2 problem
    • Growth of Ethernet and Ubiquity of Ethernet networks
    • Elimination of SONET
  • Link Capacity Adjustment (LCAS) and Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)
    • Need for dynamic bandwidth in modern networks
    • LCAS implementation and SONET
    • VCAT supporting variable bit rate data streams
  • ASON/GMPLS (include restoration at the FO transport level vs OSPF restoration at the IP layer)
    • Control planes and optical networks
    • Flexible bandwidth and Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)
    • Network routing protocols and border gateway protocols
    • GMPLS fundamentals
    • Restoration at FO transport level
  • UNI (User Network Interface)
    • Requesting network connection from ASON/GMPLS control plane
  • GFP vs HDLC vs PPP (different encapsulation techniques)
    • Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) and Ethernet frames
    • HDLC service classes and Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
    • Point to Point Protocol (PPP) applications
  • Future of SONET/SDH in a Data-driven Ethernet World
    • Expected lifetime of SONET/SDH
    • Replacement technologies for SONET/SDH and timeframes
    • Economic pressures and standards issues
  • Wrap-up:  Course Recap, Discussion, and Participant Evaluation of the Course